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C Language Introduction

C is a procedural programming language. It was initially developed past Dennis Ritchie in the year 1972. It was mainly developed as a arrangement programming language to write an operating organization. The principal features of the C language include low-level memory access, a simple set of keywords, and a clean fashion, these features make C language suitable for system programmings like an operating system or compiler development.
Many subsequently languages accept borrowed syntax/features directly or indirectly from the C language. Like syntax of Java, PHP, JavaScript, and many other languages are mainly based on the C language. C++ is nearly a superset of C language (Few programs may compile in C, simply not in C++).
Beginning with C programming:

Construction of a C program
After the higher up word, we can formally appraise the structure of a C programme. By structure, it is meant that whatever program can be written in this structure only. Writing a C program in whatsoever other structure will hence lead to a Compilation Fault.
The structure of a C program is equally follows:

The components of the above structure are:
1. Header Files Inclusion: The beginning and foremost component is the inclusion of the Header files in a C program.
  A header file is a file with extension .h which contains C function declarations and macro definitions to exist shared between several source files.
  Some of C Header files:
  - stddef.h – Defines several useful types and macros.
  - stdint.h – Defines exact width integer types.
  - stdio.h – Defines core input and output functions
  - stdlib.h – Defines numeric conversion functions, pseudo-random network generator, memory allocation
  - cord.h – Defines string treatment functions
  - math.h – Defines mutual mathematical functions
2. Main Method Declaration: The next part of a C program is to declare the chief() role. The syntax to declare the primary function is:
  Syntax to Declare the primary method:

int main() {}

Variable Declaration: The next part of any C program is the variable declaration. It refers to the variables that are to be used in the function. Please note that in the C program, no variable can exist used without existence declared. Besides in a C program, the variables are to be alleged before any performance in the function.
Example:

int primary() {            int a;            . .

Torso: The body of a part in the C plan, refers to the operations that are performed in the functions. It tin exist anything like manipulations, searching, sorting, press, etc.
Case:

int main() {     int a;            printf("%d", a);            . .

Return Statement: The final part of any C programme is the return statement. The return statement refers to the returning of the values from a function. This return statement and return value depend upon the return type of the function. For example, if the return type is void, then at that place will be no return argument. In whatever other case, there volition exist a render statement and the return value will be of the blazon of the specified render type.
Example:

int main() {     int a;      printf("%d", a);            render 0;            }

Writing first program:
Following is first program in C

C

                #include <stdio.h>              
                int                main(                void                )              
                {              
                                printf                (                "GeeksQuiz"                );              
                                render                0;              
                }              

Let us analyze the program line by line.
Line i: [ #include <stdio.h> ] In a C program, all lines that kickoff with # are processed by a preprocessor which is a plan invoked by the compiler. In a very bones term, the preprocessor takes a C program and produces another C program. The produced plan has no lines starting with #, all such lines are processed past the preprocessor. In the above example, the preprocessor copies the preprocessed code of stdio.h to our file. The .h files are chosen header files in C. These header files generally comprise declarations of functions. We need stdio.h for the function printf() used in the program.
Line two [ int main(void) ] In that location must be a starting point from where execution of compiled C program begins. In C, the execution typically begins with the showtime line of chief(). The void written in brackets indicates that the main doesn't take any parameter (See this for more details). master() can be written to take parameters also. Nosotros will be covering that in future posts.
The int was written before main indicates return type of principal(). The value returned by main indicates the status of program termination. Come across this postal service for more details on the return type.
Line iii and 6: [ { and } ] In C language, a pair of curly brackets define scope and are mainly used in functions and control statements like if, else, loops. All functions must start and end with curly brackets.
Line 4 [ printf("GeeksQuiz"); ] printf() is a standard library function to print something on standard output. The semicolon at the end of printf indicates line termination. In C, a semicolon is always used to signal cease of a statement.
Line five [ return 0; ] The render statement returns the value from main(). The returned value may be used by an operating system to know the termination condition of your program. The value 0 typically means successful termination.
How to execute the above plan:
In order to execute the above program, we need to first compile it using a compiler and so we can run the generated executable. There are online IDEs available for gratuitous like https://ide.geeksforgeeks.org/, http://ideone.com/, or http://codepad.org/ that tin can be used to start development in C without installing a compiler.
Windows: At that place are many free IDEs available for developing programs in C like Code Blocks and Dev-CPP. IDEs provide us with surroundings to develop lawmaking, compile information technology and finally execute information technology. We strongly recommend Code Blocks.
Linux: gcc compiler comes bundled with Linux which compiles C programs and generates executable for united states of america to run. Code Blocks can besides exist used with Linux.

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